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J. C. G-ASTON, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.l

Letters Patent No; 72,475, dated .December 24, 1867.

IMPROVEMENT In GHURNS.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY OONCERN:

Be it known-that'I, J. C. GASTON, of Cincinnati, Hamilton'county, and State of-Ohio, have invented a new4 and improved Chnrn, of which the following is a full and clear description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification. v i

My improvement 'in churns 'relates to the construction of one or more openings inthe tops or lids of churns, for the purpose of admitting air into and preventing the milk from dashing out of the churns, which double purpose I el'ectyby either covering a cylindrical perforation or perforations made in the lids, with pieces of thin metal or wood, securelyattached to the Ainside of the tops or lids of the churns, or by securing pieces of flat metal or Wood over the .tops or lids, which have greater widths than thediameter of the opening or openings, the edges of the perforations being chamfered oli' in two opposite directions, to give room for the free pas'sageof air from vwithout to within the churns'; and also, to the arrangement of two perforated dash-boards, which are placed one above the other, in such a manner that the perforations in one of them shall be opposite or over the solid parts ofthe other dash-board, for the purpose of more effectually agitating the milk'.

Figure 1 is a perspective view ofmy improved churn.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the same.

Figure 3 is a perspective view' of the lid or cover, showing the covered openings from the inside.

Figure 4 is a perspective view of the perforated churn-flasher' attached to the handle.

A is the barrel of the churn, nearly av cylinder in form. lIt is closed at its upper end by the lid or cover B, about the central perforation a of which is the dish b, located on -the outside ofthe cover B. To either side of the perforation a, through which the handle o f the dash passes, are the cylindrical or other desirahleshaped perforations c and-c', in and through the cover B. The perforation-c has its edges o n opposite sides, on the inside of the coverB, chamfered off, as shown in ig. 3. A piece of metal, d, thin, and having a plain surface, is secured to the inside of the cover B, directly over the perforation c. The surface dimensions of=strip of-metal d should be at least double the diameter of the perforation-it covers. The opposite perforation' c is covered with a piece of metal, e, of semi-cylindrical shape, and provided with flanges c', which are rivetedor otherwise secured to the under side of the cover B. This metal covering, e, has a. length in thedirection of the cylindrical elements at least double the diameter of the opening it covers. To the'innerend, C',- of the tubular handle C, which is open'at either end, are secured the two perforated dash-boards, D and D The dash-board D issecured to the extreme end, C', of the handle AC. The dash-board D is likewise secured to the handle C, a few inches above tbe dash-board D. Each dash-board has the same number of'perforations,ff",A which-are of the same size, and of such a number that the distance from one'perforation to the next shall be less than the diameter of the perforation. When located in position, the one' above the other, the perfor-ations f, inthe dash-board D, are in lines parallel with the handle C, directly over the skeleton of the dash-board D', the material part of the dash-board between the perforations. The planes of the dash-boards are at right 'angles to the handle, to whichthey are attached. v

Operation.

In the process of churning, when the dash is forced down into thebody of the milk, numerous currents are caused to flow upward through the openings j' in the lower dashlboard D, and since the openings in the upper ldash-hoard D are, as heretofore described, over the spaces between the perforations f, in the lower dash-board D, I

each upward current of milk from the perforationsfis divided into two halves, more or less.- On reaching the upper dash-board D', the one part passes through the perforations f', thus relieving the downward pressure and facilitating the operation of churning; the dash-boards D and D being secured in the usual manner to a suitable handle.

' What I claim as myinvention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isv

The construction and arrangement of two perforated dasher-heads, secured one above` the other to the dasher-handle, and having an equal number of perforations, and so placedthat 'the perforations in one head shall be opposite the solid part of the other, substantiallyas and for the purpose described.

In combination with the above, I claim providing the cover with the air-tube e, with a semi-oylindrical-shaped cap, e, as and for the purpose set forth.

J. C. GASTON.

Witnesses:-

WILLIAM It. McGoMus. Cuantas L. Fianna. 

